ISO 


/ 


7 


r' 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFOR^aA 

LIBPARY 

COLLEGE  6f      .RICULTURE 
DAV'*^ 


!\y 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2007  with  funding  from 

IVIicrosoft  Corporation 


http://www.archive.org/details/floraofwilloughbOOkennrich 


FLORA  OF  WILLOUGHBY,  VERMONT, 


GEORGE  G.  KENNEDY. 


[Reprinted  from  Rhodora,  vol.  6,  pages  93-134,  and  148.] 


Boston,  Massachusetts, 
June,   1904. 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 

UBRARY 

CX)LLEGE  OF  AGRICULTURE 
DAVIS 


^^-^/    d/^A^  ^    i^^^-*^-i-iV->^.^»T/»^ 


^,  (3^5^.  ^ 


Rhodora. 


Plate  54. 


WiLi.ouGHBY  Cuff  from   the  Pasture. 


WiLLOUGHEY    LaKE    THROUGH    THE    NOTCH. 


IRbo^ora 


JOURNAL  OF 

THE    NEW  ENGLAND  BOTANICAL  CLUB 


Vol.  6 


June,  1904 


No.  66 


FLORA  OF    WILLOUGHBY,    VERMONT. 
George  G.  Kennedy. 

The  approach  to  Willoughby  Notch  in  old  times  was  from  the 
north ;  following  up  Barton  River  from  Lake  Memphremagog  to  the 
stream,  named  in  Thompson's  History  of  Vermont  (1842)  Wil- 
loughby's  River,  which  flows  from  Willoughby's  Lake  between  Mt. 
Pisgah  and  Mt.  Hor.  Who  this  Willoughby  may  have  been  I  am 
unable  to  say,  but  his  name  has  remained  for  the  region  and  even 
the  higher  easterly  mountain  is  now  usually  designated  as  Mt.  Wil- 
loughby instead  of  by  the  older  names,  Pisgah  or  Annanance. 

The  notch  lies  in  the  southern  corner  of  Orleans  county  and  about 
at  an  equal  distance,  say  25  miles,  from  the  Canada  line  on  the  north 
and  the  town  of  St.  Johnsbury  on  the  south:  approximately,  the  lati- 
tude is  44°  43' north,  and  the  longitude  is  72°  2'  west  from  Green- 
wich. The  two  mountains  and  the  ridge  at  the  south  end  of  the 
lake  divide  the  St.  Lawrence  waters  from  the  Connecticut  River 
tributaries;  on  the  east  and  south  sides  of  Mt.  Willoughby,  Mt.  Hor 
and  this  ridge  the  streams  unite  for  the  Passumpsic  river,  and  flow 
into  the  Connecticut ;  on  the  west  and  north  sides  the  waters  unite  in 
Barton  river,  flowing  to  Lake  Memphremagog  and  the  St.  Lawrence 
valley.  The  hotel  and  post  office  are  on  this  ridge  at  the  south  end 
of  the  lake,  three  miles  from  the  nearest  house  to  the  north,  through 
the  notch,  and  a  mile  from  the  next  farm  south. 

The  shortest  distance  to  the  railroad  is  to  West  Burke,  a  station 
on  the  Passumpsic  division  of  the  Boston  and  Maine.  This  drive  of 
six  miles  follows  the  brook  through  a  beautiful  country  of  hill  and 
valley  with  characteristic  northern  Vermont  cedar  {Thuya  occidentalis) 
swamps.     West  Burke  railroad  station  is  810  feet  above  the  sea  and 


•^  ^^  7  ^  ^ 


94  Rhodora  [June 

the  foUov/ing  m^asurcnents  of  height  are  considered  approximately 
trustworthy. 

Wilbughby  Lake      .         .         .         .         .  1060  ft. 

Hotel 1 160" 

Pulpit  Rock 1700  " 

Summit  of  Mt.  Willoughby        .         .         .         2650  " 

North  Outlook 2410  " 

Long  Pond       .  .         .  .  .         .  1710  " 

Height  of  land  on  the  Long  Pond  road 

N.  E.  of  the  mountain.       .         .         .  2170  " 

The  characteristic  botanical  features  of  Willoughby  are  the  wet 
cliffs  and  slides  on  the  southwest  side  of  the  mountain,  and  the 
sphagnous  cedar  swamps  of  the  brooks,  beginning  close  to  the  nar- 
row ridge  that  makes  the  water- divide,  and  continuing  at  intervals  for 
five  miles  southward.  These  cedar  swamps  are,  I  suppose,  not  dif- 
ferent from  others  in  northern  Vermont,  but  the  wet  slopes  of  the 
notch  are  not  paralleled  except  with  Smuggler's  Notch  at  Mount 
Mansfield ;  and  yet  while  the  two  notches  have  so  many  peculiar 
plants  in  common,  each  has  some  that  the  other  lacks.  Of  such 
Smuggler's  Notch  has  Lycopodium  Selago,  L.,  Arenaria  verna,  L.,  var. 
hirta,  Watson,  Gentiana  Amarella,  L.,  var.  acuta,  Hook,  f.,  Castilleia 
pallida  Kunth,  var.  septentrionalis  Gray.  Willoughby  Notch  has 
Asplenium  Ruta-muraria,  L.,  Scirpus  pauciflorus^  Link,  Rhynchospora 
capillacea,  Torr.,  Braya  humilis,  Robinson,  Aster  polyphyllus,  Willd. 
The  Willoughby  plants,  too,  are  to  be  found  in  a  very  limited  area. 
It  is  safe  to  say  that  nine-tenths  of  the  non-introduced  species  can  be 
found  in  two  square  miles,  having  the  ridge  at  the  south  end  of  the 
lake  as  a  center :  the  northern  square  mile  takes  in  the  lake  shore 
and  slopes,  ledges  and  woods  of  the  mountains  on  either  side  of  the 
lake ;  the  southern  square  mile  gives  us  the  pastures,  wet  fields  and 
swamps  with  their  interesting  orchids  and  carices. 

The  rocks  of  the  district  appear  to  be  of  calcareous-mica-slate  of 
a  coarse  consistency  in  some  places  as  if  siliceous,  and  therefore 
crumbling  in  some  parts,  while  in  others  they  are  of  a  firmer  slaty 
texture.  The  cliffs  and  ledges  of  the  mountain  disintegrate  in  large 
or  small  masses,  making  a  talus  at  the  base  of  the  cliff  extending 
even  into  the  lake.  On  this  slope  grow  many  of  the  cliff  plants  evi- 
dently torn  in  sods  from  the  upper  ledges.  At  the  south  end  the  talus 
is  covered  to  a  greater  depth  with  humus  and  the  vegetation  is  more 


Rhodora. 


Plate  55. 


§HOKE  Road  at  the  South  End  of  the  Lake. 


Shore  Road  beyond   Roaring  Brook. 


1904]  Kennedy, —  Flora  of  Willoughby  95 

abundant  and  the  trees  larger;  in  fact  at  this  spot  one  thinks  of  the 
Virginian  AUeghanies  with  beautiful  Viola  Canadensis  and  Caulophy- 
ceum  thalidroides ;  while  a  few  hundred  feet  further  north  on  the 
slope  the  trees  are  smaller,  the  falling  of  rock  from  the  cliif  more  fre- 
quent and  the  characteristic  cliff  plants  appear  at  the  roadside. 
Further  up  the  road,  at  the  "  Devil's  Den  "  the  boulders  are  very 
large,  say  from  20  to  40  feet  across. 

There  is  considerable  lime  in  the  district,  not  to  be  noticed  in  the 
delicious  drinking  water  so  abundantly  bursting  forth  on  the  south- 
ern part  of  the  ridge,  but  seen  here  and  there  in  white  frosty  patches 
under  and  about  loose  rocks,  and  in  one  part  of  the  bog  below 
the  house  spreading  over  a  half-acre  meadow  to  which  the  name 
Marl  Pond  has  been  given  ;  a  pond  from  four  to  six  inches  deep  with 
the  water  gently  moving  over  a  flat  bottom,  which  in  all  parts  except 
one  spot  is  as  hard  as  a  floor.  The  mosses,  ferns  and  many  flower- 
ing plants  of  the  region  are  all  more  or  less  those  of  a  limey  district. 

Slides  of  earth  and  rock  from  the  upper  part  of  the  cliff  have  left 
a  series  of  channeled  gravel  trails  in  the  higher  portion  of  the  wooded 
talus  of  the  cliff.  In  many  of  them  water  flows  for  the  greater  part 
of  the  summer,  especially  at  the  north  and  south  ends  of  the  precipi- 
tous walls ;  that  is,  not  from  the  actual  summit  of  the  mountain,  but 
from  springs  part  way  down  the  sides.  These  slides  are  old  features 
of  the  mountain,  the  only  recent  one  occurring  about  forty  years  ago 
near  the  north  end  of  the  cliff,  obstructing  the  then  new  highway  for 
several  days,  and  made  more  memorable  by  happening  on  the  4th  of 
July,  for  w^hich  reason  the  slide  has  always  borne  that  patriotic  name. 

The  so-called  "  Flower  Garden  "  of  the  earlier  botanists  is  at  the 
base  of  the  big  cliff  just  referred  to  and  here  the  wearing  away  of  the 
mountain  has  somewhat  lessened,  and  apparently  the  water  which 
plays  so  large  a  part  in  the  disintegration  has  sought  other  channels ; 
for  the  garden  of  late  years  is  neither  so  rich  in  flowers  nor  so  cool  a 
collecting  place  on  a  hot  day  as  other  parts  of  the  cliff  walk.  In  this 
respect  it  differs  greatly  from  Smuggler's  Notch  where  the  slides  are 
usually  the  result  of  very  heavy  rains  and  where  the  loss  of  earth  on 
the  mountain  side  has  not  left  such  relatively  large  bare  cliffs,  and 
where  the  mass  of  earth  yet  to  come  down  is  infinitely  greater  than 
at  Willoughby.  A  slide  in  1897  at  Smuggler's  Notch  filled  the  high- 
way with  mud  three  or  four  feet  deep ;  and  the  upper  surface  having 
in  places  dried   hard  enough  to  walk  upon,  the  mass  had  a  lava-like 


g6  Rhodora  U^ne 

consistency,  being  still  soft  and  muddy  below  the  surface.  There  is 
not  enough  earth  at  Willoughby  for  such  a  slide. 

There  is  no  roadway  at  the  base  of  Mt.  Hor  on  the  west  side  of 
the  lake.  A  highway  was  laid  out  and  finished  in  1856  on  the  east 
side  at  the  base  of  Mt.  Willoughby  and  is  now  the  post  road  from 
West  Burke  to  Westmore  village  at  the  outlet  of  the  lake.  This  high- 
way is  certainly  one  of  the  most  beautiful  rural  roads  in  New  Eng- 
land, and  is  fully  as  much  of  a  flower  garden  as  the  base  of  the  cliffs 
above. 

The  Lake  is  some  five  miles  long,  a  mile  or  more  wide  at  its  north- 
ern half  and  narrowing  at  its  southern  end  in  the  notch  between  the 
two  mountains.  Few  water  plants  have  been  collected  in  this  south 
part,  the  precipitous  walls  of  the  notch  extending  apparently  into 
deep  water.  The  northern  end  has  a  beach  half  a  mile  in  length 
and  meadows  extending  to  the  water's  edge :  the  prevailing  northerly 
winds  tend  to  drift  water  plants  towards  the  south  end  of  the  lake 
and  such  plants  have  been  thus  gathered  on  the  south  lesser  beach. 

No  mention  is  made  of  Willoughby  in  Wm.  Oakes'  elaborate  cata- 
logue of  Vermont  Plants,^  nor  have  I  heard  that  Oakes  ever  visited  the 
northeastern  part  of  the  state ;  but  in  that  catalogue  Mr.  Robbins  is 
named  as  having  collected  at  Lake  Memphremagog  and  at  Browning- 
ton,  at  which  latter  place  in  1829  he  obtained  Senecio  aureus^  L.,  var. 
lanceolatus,  Oakes,  as  noted  in  "  Some  rare  plants  of  New  England."^ 
This  is  Senecio  Robbinsii^  Oakes,  of  the  present  list, 

Mr.  Carey  is  also  named  as  collecting  plants  at  Lyndon  and  Sutton 
on  the  south  side  of  Willoughby  and  at  Charleston  on  the  north,  and 
all  within  a  dozen  miles  of  the  Notch.  This  Mr.  Carey  is  John  Carey, 
the  friend  and  companion  of  Asa  Gray  on  his  North  Carolina  trip,  who 
lived  at  Bellows  Falls,  Vermont,  in  1835  and  1836,  and  died  at  an 
advanced  age  in  England  in  1879.3  How  Mr.  Carey  could  have  col- 
lected Boirychium  simplex^  Hitchcock,  at  this  early  date  at  "Sutton, 
near  the  village,  on  the  road  leading  to  Burke,'^  *  and  not  visited  the 
Willoughby  Cliffs,  however  inaccessible  they  appeared,  is  to  me  a 
mystery. 

1  Oakes  in  Thompson,  Nat.  Hist..  Vt.  (1S42)  173-208,  reprint  1-36. 

2  Oakes,  Hovey's  Mag.  Hort.  vii.  (1841)  183. 

^  Vide  Asa  Gray,  Biographical  notice,  Am.  Jour.  Sci.,  Ser.  3,  xix.  (1880)  422. 
^  Oakes,  Cat.  Vt.  PI.  1.  c.  207  (35). 


Rhodora. 


Plate  56. 


NoRiH  End  of  the  Cuffs,  Willoughby  Mountain. 


Face  of  the  Cliffs,  Willoughdv  Mountain. 


1904] 


Kennedy, —  Flora  of  Willoughby 


97 


Alphonso  Wood  ( 18 1 0-188 1)  was  the  first  botanist  to  visit  Wil- 
loughby and  publish  any  names  of  plants  there  collected,  and  the 
only  reference  to  his  visit  I  have  been  able  to  find  is  in  the  second 
edition  of  his  Class  Book  of  Botany,^  where  under  Saxifraga  aizoides, 
L.  and  S.  oppositifolia^  L.  he  says  he  discovered  these  in  August, 
1845,  ^'^  ^^  clefts  of  rocks,  Willoughby  Mt.,  500  feet  above  the  lake. 

In  July,  1852,  C.  C.  Frost  and  Rev.  A.  H.  Clapp  of  Brattleboro, 
Vermont,  visited  Willoughby  and  their  trip  is  described  by  John  L. 
Russell  of  Salem,  Massachusetts,  in  Hovey's  Magazine,  for  Novem- 
ber, 1852.^  The  mountain  is  there  called  Pisgah  or  Annance ;  the 
latter  a  name  of  "a  chief  of  the  St.  Francis  tribe  of  Indians."  They 
say  "  the  region  had  been  explored  some  years  previous  by  Mr.  Wood, 
a  botanist  of  merit,  and  through  whose  remarkable  discoveries  there, 
our  tourist  was  induced  to  visit  the  spot."  Forty-seven  flowering 
plants  and  ferns  and  four  mosses  are  mentioned  as  found  at  Wil- 
loughby and  as  this  makes  the  first  list  of  plants  of  the  region  I  give 
it  here  —  a  list  of  names  only,  no  authors  cited  —  but  here  rearranged 
more  nearly  after  modern  methods. 


Hypnum  splendens 

"         crista-castrensis 
"         umbratum 
"         cupressiforme 

Pteris  atropurpurea 

Woodsia  glabella 

Cupressus  thjoides 

Thuya  occidentalis 

Calamagrostis  Canadensis 

Danthonia  spicata 

Lolium  perenne 

Muhlenbergia  sjlvatica 

Oryzopsis  melanocarpa 

Panicum  depauperatum 
"  nitidum 

Carex  eburnea 
"       scirpoidea 

Clintonia  borealis 

Anemone  cylindrica 
"         Virginiana 

Clematis  Virginiana 

Arabis  Ijrata 

Draba  arabisans 

Saxifraga  aizoides 

"  oppositifoHa 

Fragaria  Virginiana 


Rosa  blanda 
Rubus  occidentalis 

"      odoratus 

"      strigosus 
Rubus  triflorus 
Hedjsarum  boreale 
Phaca  Robbinsii 
Vitis  cordifolia 
Helianthemum  Canadense 
Circaea  alpina 
Oenothera  fruticosa 
Primula  Mistassinica 
Apocjnum  hjpericifolium 
Asclepias  Cornuti 

"         quadrifolia 
Lonicera  ciliata 
Campanula  rotundifolia 
Achillaea  Millefolium 
Antennaria  margaritacea 
Artemisia  Canadensis 
Cirsium  lanceolatum 
Eupatorium  ageratoides 
"  purpureum 

Solidago  corjmbosus 
"        lanceolatus 


1  Wood,  Class  Book.,  ed.  2  (1847)  279. 

2  J.  L.  Russell,  Hovey's  Mag.  Hort.  xviii.  (1852)  481-485. 


98  Rhodora  [June 

Although  some  plants  of  this  list  cannot  now  be  identified,  it  yet 
contains  nearly  all  the  characteristic  cliff  plants :  but  evidently  no 
attention  was  paid  to  the  woods  or  swamps,  though  the  botanists' 
route  led  through  rare  orchid  ground. 

In  the  1853  appendix  to  Thompson's  History  of  Vermont,  is  a  list 
of  105  additions  to  Wm.  Oakes'  Catalogue  and  19  of  ):hese  are  cred- 
ited to  C.  C.  Frost  from  Willoughby.  This  list  was  prepared  by 
Prof.  Joseph  Torrey  of  Burlington. 

Other  botanists  followed,  viz.:  Wm.  Boott,  in  1854,  Rev.  Joseph 
Blake  in  1861,  Horace  Mann  in  1862,  Edwin  Faxon  in  1873,  and 
many  others  now  living. 

The  second  paper  on  the  flora  of  Willoughby  is  by  Mr.  Chas.  E. 
Ridler  ^  giving  an  interesting  account  of  the  approach  to  the  Notch 
from  the  north  and  describing  the  mountain  and  its  flora.  The  third 
paper  is  by  Walter  Deane,^  an  account  of  his  collecting  trip  in 
July,  1885,  with  J.  R.  Churchill.  The  only  other  paper  I  have  seen 
is  by  Dr.  H.  H.  Rusby  reprinted  from  the  Bulletin  of  Pharmacy, 
January,  1893,  an  account  of  his  visit  in  July  and  August,  1892. 
This  gives  special  attention  to  the  oecological  features  of  the  district 
and  to  the  ferns,  a  list  of  thirty-two  being  given. 

The  present  list  of  690  names  is  quite  as  noteworthy  for  the  plants 
that  are  not  in  it  as  for  those  that  are.  Many  of  the  common  things 
we  expect  everywhere  have  not  yet  been  seen  in  this  little  area,  and 
many  plants  have  been  collected  only  once,  and  of  others  only  one  or 
two  stations  are  known.  The  introduced  plants  in  the  Notch  itself 
do  not  tend  to  increase  and  now  that  the  lumbermen  have  begun  a 
crusade  in  the  swamp  region  and  on  the  mountain  sides  the  possi- 
bility of  the  destruction  of  choice  botanical  areas  is  alarming.  The 
ferns,  orchids  and  carices  of  wet  woods  need  the  protection  of  forest 
trees  and  certain  plants  in  the  Willoughby  region  are  sure  to  perish. 

The  map  of  Willoughby  has  been  drav.^n  by  Mr.  J.  F.  Collins  of 
the  Botanical  Department  of  Brown  University,  Providence,  Rhode 
Island,  and  is  believed  to  be  as  accurate  as  the  variable  material  at 
his  disposal  would  allow. 

Unless  otherwise  noted  specimens  of  all  these  plants  are  in  my 
Herbarium,  and  I  shall  be  glad  to  receive  any  additions  to  this  list. 

1  Ridler,  Appalachia,  iv,  (1884)  64. 

2  Deane,  Bot.  Gaz.  xi.  (1886)  112. 


Hill 


1Z'  *^ 


Map  of  Willoughby  Region. 


100  Rhodora  [June 

FLORA    OF   WILLOUGHBY,    VERMONT. 

PTERIDOPHYTA 

OPHIOGLOSSACEAE 

OPHIOGLOSSUM 
O.  vulgatum,  L.     In  moist  mowing  land. 

BOTRYCHIUM 
B.  simplex,  Hitch. 
B.  matricariaefolium,  A.  Br. 

B.  ternatum,  Swartz,  var.  intermedium,  D.  C.  Eaton. 
B.  ternatum,  Swartz,  var.  obliquum,  Milde. 
B.  ternatum,  Swartz,  var.  dissectum,  Milde. 

B.  Virginianum,  Swartz.    , 

OSMUNDACEAE 

OSMUNDA 
O.  regalis,  L. 

O.  cinnamomea,  L.  * 

O.  Claytoniana,  L. 

POLYPODIACEAE 

ONOCLEA 

O.  sensibilis,  L. 

O.  sensibilis,  L.,  var.  obtusilobata,  Torr. 

O.  Struthiopteris,  Hoffm. 

WOODSIA 

W.  Ilvensis,  R.  Br.  Rocks  near  Roaring  Brook. 

W.  hyperborea,  R.  Br.      W.  alpt'na  (Bolton)   S.   F.   Graj.      Rare  ;    on    the 

cliffs. 

W.  glabella,  R.  Br.  Common  on  the  cliffs, 

DICKSONIA 
D.  pilosiuscula,  Willd.     D.  punctilobula  (Michx.)  Graj. 

CYSTOPTERIS 

C.  bulbiffra,,BerRh. 
C.  fjra'gilis,':Seria]hi. 

r-:''/:' •     '    '       :  aspidium 

A.  acrostichoides,  Swartz.     Dyyopteris  acrosttchoid.es  (Michx.)  Kuntze. 


igo4]  Kennedy, —  Flora  of  VVilloughby  lOi 

A.  acrostichoides,  ^wartz,  var.  incisum,  Graj.  Dryopterit.  acros-tichot'dea, 
var.  Schzveinitzii  (Beck)  Undei  w. 

A.  aculeatum.  Swartz,  var.  Braunii,  Koch.  Dryopteris  Brauvii  (Spenner) 
Undervv.     In  deep  rockv  woods. 

A.  Noveboracense,  Swartz.     Dryopteris  Novebotacensis  (L.)  Graj. 

A.  Thelypteris,  Swartz.     Dryopteris  Thelypteris  (L.)  Gray. 

A.  cristatum,  Swartz.     Dryopteris  crtstata  (L.)  Gray. 

A.  cristatum,  Swartz,  var.  Clintonianum,  D.  C  Eaton.     In  deep  swamps. 

A.  Goldianum,  Hook.  Dryopteris  Goldiana  (Hook.)  Gray.  Not  rare  in 
wet  woods.     Variable  in  form. 

A.  marginale,  Swartz.      Dryopteris  mcif ginalis  (L.)  Gra_). 

A.  spinulosum,  Swartz.  Dryopteris  spinulosa  (Retz.)  Kuntze.  Deep  woods 
near  Cold  Brook. 

A.  spinulosum,  Swartz,  var.  intermedium,  D.  C.  Eaton.  Dryopteris  spinu- 
losa, var.  intermedia  (Mulil.)  L'nderw. 

A.  spinulosum,  Swartz,  var.  dilatatum,  Hook. 

A.  Boottii,  Tuckerm.  Dryopteris  Boottii  (Tuckerm.)  Underw.  In  wet 
woods. 

PHEGOPTERIS  \   \  >,  i  \  \  ,' 

P.  polypodioides,  Fee.     P.  Phegopteris  \X-)Vx\di^xw. 

P.  Dryopteris,  Fee.  ,'\   '      '  >  ^^   ;  ' .; 

ASPLENIUM 

A.  Trichomanes,  L.     Mt.  Hor,  Edwin  Faxon,  i886. 

A.  viride,    Hudson.     Cliiis,    Mt.    Hor,    Mrs.   Condit,    1887.     Two  fronds  in 

Herb.  C.  E.  Faxon. 
A.  Ruta-muraria,  L.     Cliffs,  Willoughby  Mountain;  not  common. 
A.  thelypteroides,  Michx.     A.  acrostichoides,  Swartz. 
A.  Filix-foemina,  Bernh. 

ADIANTUM 

A.  pedatum,  L.     Rapidly  becoming  rare  from  the  rapacity  of  visitors. 

PTERIS 
P.  aquilina.  L.     Seldom  simply  ternate. 

PELLAEA 

P.  gracilis,  Hook.     P.  Stelleri  (S.  G.  Gmel.)  Watt. 

P.  atropurpurea,  Link.     Both  species  on  the  limestone  cliffs. 

POLYPODIUM 

P.  vulgare,  L.  A  form  with  forking  frond,  W:  A.  Lorenz.  Another  with 
very  broad  frond,  F.  G.  Floyd. 


I02 


Rhodora  [June 


EQUISETACEAE 

EQUISETUM 

E.  arvense,  L. 

E.  arvense,  L.,  approaching  forma  pseudo-sylvaticum/r/e  A.  A.  Eaton. 

E.  arvense,  L.,  var.  nemorosum,  A.  Br. 

E.  sylvaticum,  L. 

E.  limosum,  L.     B.  Jiuviatile,  L. 

E.  hyemale,  L.     Not  common. 

E.  scirpoides,  Michx. 

LYCOPODIACEAE 

LYCOPODIUM 

L#.  lucidulum,  Michx. 

L.  inundatum,  L. 

L.  dendroideum,  Michx. 

L.  annotinum,  L. 

L.  sabinaefolium,  Willd.     Top  of  the  mountain,  A.  W.  Cheever^  1903. 
,L.  cl^viiti'iitiytL;.   ; 

L.  cflavatum,  L;,  var.  monostachyon,  Grev.  &  Hook. 

rLj. .  eoYirplan^tum,    L>.,   var.  flabelliforme,  Fernald.       Often  with  peduncles 
/•'* '-s-toutj  miieh  blanched  and  bearing  from  3  to  13  spikes,  which  are  fre- 
quently proliferous  at  the  apex. 

Lycopodium  complanatum,  L.,  var.  Wibbei,  Haberer  in  Herb.  Gray. 
Branches  with  the  aspect  of  var.  flabelliforme,  Fernald ;  strobile  soli- 
tary, large  (3.5  to  4  cm.  long). —  Swampy  woodlands  on  hills  about 
Utica,  New  York,  September,  1900  {J.  V.  Haberer  in  Herb.  Gray). 
Dedicated  to  the  late  Reverend  Father  J.  Herman  Wibbe  of  Schenectady. 
This  striking  plant,  the  counterpart  in  the  complanatum  series  of  L. 
clavatum,  var.  monostachyon,  Grev.  &  Hook.,  was  found  in  shady  cold 
woods  at  Willoughby,  October  i,  1903.  The  Willoughby  specimens 
closely  match  those  of  Dr.  Haberer. 

L.  tristachyon,  Pursh.  L.  complanatum,  var.  Ckatnaecyparissus,  D.  C. 
Eaton. 

ISOETACEAE 

ISOETES 

I.  macrospora,  Durieu.  Miss  Annie  Lorcnz.  This  species  has  been  deter- 
mined by  Mr.  A.  A.  Eaton. 

GYMNOSFERMAE 
PINACEAE 
PINUS 
P.  Strobus,  L.     Very  rare  ;  hardly  to  be  seen  except  planted. 


ic;o4]  Kennedy, —  Flora  of  Willoughby  103 

LARIX 
L.  Americana,  Michx.     L.  laricina  (Du  Roi)  Koch. 

PICEA 

P.  alba,  Link.     P.  Canadensis  (Mill.)  B.  S.  P. 

P.  nigra,  Link.     Including  P.  brevifolia,  Peck.     P.  Mariana  (Mill.)  B.  S.  P. 

P.  rubra.  Link.     The  common  "Lumber  "  Spruce. 

TSUGA 
T.  Canadensis,  Carr. 

ABIES 
A.  balsamea,  Mill. 

THUYA 
T.  occidentalis,  L.     Some  stumps  of  old  growth  cedars,  more  than  three  feet 
in  diameter  still  remain  in  the  Mt.  Hor  woods. 

TAXACEAE 
TAXUS 
T.  Canadensis,  Willd.      Taxus  minor  (Michx.)  Britton. 

ANGIOSFERMAE 

Monocotyledones 

TYPHACEAE 

TYPHA 
T.  latifolia,  L. 

SPARGANIACEAE 

SPARGANIUM 
S.  simplex,  Huds. 
S.  simplex,  Huds.,  var.  angustifolium,  Engelm.     Long  Pond. 

NAIADACEAE 

POTAMOGETON 

P.  amplifolius,  Tuckerm.     Long  Pond. 

P.  alpinus,  Balbis.     Little  Pond. 

P.  heterophyllus,  Schreb.     Outlet  of  Long  Pond. 

P.  Spirillus,  Tuckerm.     Little  Pond. 

P.  heterophyllus,  Schreb.,  var.  graminifolius,  Wats.  cS:  Coult. 


IQ4  Rhodora  [June 

P,  pusillus,  L-     North  part  of  Willoughby  Lake. 

P.  diversifolius,  Raf.  Reported  from  Willoughby  in  Brainerd,  Jones,  & 
Eggleston,  Fl.  Vt.,  1900,  page  7,  as  collected  bj  the  late  H.  G.  Jesup,  but 
no  specimen  can  be  found  in  Prof.  Jesup's  collection  nor  in  the  Herba- 
rium of  Dartmouth  College,  Hanover,  N.  H. 

NAIAS 
N.  fiexilis,  Rostk.  &  Schm.     Little  Pond. 

ALISMACEAE 

SAGITTARIA 
S.  latifolia,  Willd. 
S.  arifolia,  Nutt. 
S.  graminea,  Michx. 

VALLISNERIACEAE 

VALLISNERIA 
V.  spiralis,  L.     In  Bishop's  Brook, 

GRAMINEAE 
PANICUM 

P.  GLABRUM,  Gaudin.     Syntherhma  linearis  (Krock)  Nash. 

P.  capillare,  L. 

P.  unciphyllum,  Trin.     P. pnbescens,  Lam. 

P.  Crus-galli,  L. 

SETARTA 

S.  GLAUCA,  Beauv.     Txophorus  glaucus  (L)  Nash.     In  kitchen  garden. 

S.  viRiDis,  Beav.     Ixofhorus  viridis  (L)  Nash.     In  farm  land. 

S.  Italica,  Kunth.     Ixophorus  Italicus  (L)  Nash.     Roadside. 

S.  Italica,  Kunth,  var.  Germanica,  Richter.     Roadside  near  hotel. 

PHALARIS 
P.  arundinacea,  L. 
P.  arundinacea,  L.,  var.  picta,  Gray.     Roadside  escape. 

ANTHOXANTHUM 
A.  ODORATUM,  L.     Not  commoH. 

HIEROCHLOE 
H.  borealis,  R.  &  S.     Rare.     Roaring  Brook,  1901. 


1904]  Kennedy, —  Flora  of  Willoughby  105 

ORYZOPSIS 

O.  asperifolia,  Torr. 
O.  melanocarpa,  Muhl. 

MILIUM 
M.  effusum,  L.     In  woods. 

MUHLENBERGIA 

M.  Mexicana,  Trin.     In  rockj  woods. 

M.  glonmerata,  Trin.     M.  racetnosa  (Michx.)  B.  S.  P. 

BRACHYELYTRUM 

B.  aristatum,  Beau  v.     B.  erectum  (Schreb.)  Beau  v. 

PHLEUM 
P.  PRATENSE,  L.     Very  variable  in  size. 

SPOROBOLUS 
S.  vaginaeflorus,  Vasey.     On  the  slides  near  Cliff. 

CINNA 

C.  pendula,  Trin.     C.  latifolia  (Trev.)  Griseb. 

AGROSTIS 

A.  ALBA,  L.     "A  viviparous  form  occurs," yo»^5,  Fl.  Vt. 

A.  ALBA,  L.,  var.  vulgaris,  Thurb.     "A  small  form  occurs  in  cool  pastures, 

sometimes  having  flowering  glume  awned  ''^  Jones,  Fl.  Vt. 
A.  scabra,  Willd.     A.  hyemalis  (Walt.)  B.  S.  P. 
A.  scabra,  Willd.,   var.  montana,  Tuckerm.     On  the    ledges  at   top  of  the 

mountain. 

CALAMAGROSTIS 
C  Canadensis,  Beauv. 
C.  Langsdorfii,  Trin.     H.  H.  Rusby,   1892  ;   vide  Revision  of  Calamagrostis 

by  T.  H.  Kearney,  1898,  p.  27. 
C.  hyperborea,  Lange.     Booit,  1862.     Pringle,  1877.     Including  C.  tnexfatisa 

of  Brainerd,  Jones,  &  Eggieston,  Fl.  Vt.,  not  Graj',  collected  by  Prof.  L. 

R.Jones,  11  July,  1900. 
C.  hyperborea,  Lange,  var.  Americana,  Kearney.     C.  strtcia,  Gray,  Man.  Ed. 

6,  in  part.     The  more  common  form. 
C.   hyperborea,   Lange,   var.  elongata,   Kearney,     E.  (£•   C.  E.  Faxon,  1887, 

Herb.  Gray. 


io6  Rhodora  [June 

TRISETUM 
T.  subspicatum,  Beauv.,  var.  molle  ,  Graj.     Mountain  slides. 

AVENA 

A.  striata,  Michx. 

A.  sATivA,  L.     A  roadside  escape. 


D.  spicata,  Beauv. 
D.  compressa,  Aust. 


E.  Pennsylvanica,  Gray. 


D.  GLOMERATA,  L. 


DANTHONIA 


EATONIA 


DACTYLIS 


POA 


P.  pratensis,  L. 

P.  pratensis,  L.,  var.  angustifolia,  Smith.    Jones  in  Fl.  Vt. 

P.  nemoralis,  L. 

P.  ANNUA,  L. 

P.  serotina,  Ehrh.     P.  Jiava,  L. 

P.  alsodes,  Gray.     Herb.  J.  R.  Churchill. 

GLYCERIA 

G.  Canadensis,  Trin.     Panicularia  Canadensis  (Michx.)  Kuntze. 

G.  elongata,  Trin.      Pafitcularta  elongata  (Torr.)  Kuntze. 

G.  nervata,  Trin.     Panicularia  nervata  (Willd.)  Kuntze. 

G.  grandis,  Watson.     Panicularia  Americana  (Torr.)  Mac  M. 

G.  pallida,  Trin.     Panicularia  pallida  (Torr.)  Kuntze. 

FESTUCA 

F.   ELATIOR,  L. 

F.  ELATIOR,  L.,  var.  pratensis.  Gray. 

BROMUS 
B.  ciliatus,  L. 
B.  secalinus,  L.     Field  opposite  the  Hotel. 

LOLIUM 
L.  perenne,  L. 


1904]  Kennedy, —  Flora  of  Willoughby  107 

AGROPYRON 

A.  REPENs,  Beauv. 

A.  Novae-Angliae,  Scrib.     Very  variable  in  size  of  spikelets. 

A.  caninum,  R.  &  S. 

A.  caninum,  R.  &  S.,  forma  caninoides,  KamaUey^^de  C.  W.  Swan. 

SECALE 
S.  CEREALE,  L.     Rye.     Roadside  escape. 

HORDEUM 

H.  vuLGARE,  L.     Common  barley.     In  old  fields. 

H.  VULGARE,  L.,  var.  Aegiceras,  Aitchis.      Roadside  south  of  the  Hotel. 

(Hooker,  Flora  British  India  vii.  371,  says  cultivated  under  the  name 

"Bald  Barley.") 

ELYMUS 


E.  Canadensis,  L. 


A.  Hystrix,  Willd. 


ASPRELLA 


CYPERACEAE 
DULICHJUM 

D.  spathaceum,  Pers.     D.  arundinaceutn  (L.)  Britton. 

ELEOCHARIS 

E.  obtusa,  Schultes. 
E.  palustris,  R.  Br. 
E.  tenuis,  Schultes. 

E.  intermedia.  Schultes.     Little  Pond  Bog. 
E.  pygmaea,  Torr.     Herb.  W.  Deane,  1885. 

SCIRPUS 

S.  pauciflorus,  Lightf.     Eleocharis  paucijlora^  Link. 

S.  validus,  Vahl.     5.  lacustris^  Gray,  Man.  Ed.  6.,  not  L. 

S.  atrovirens,  Muhl. 

S.  rubrotinctus,  Fernald. 

S.  Peckii,  Britton. 

S.  atrocinctus,  Fernald. 

S.  atrocinctus,  Fernald,  var.  brachypodus,  Fernald. 

ERIOPHORUM 
E.  alpinum,  L 
E.  polystachyon,  L. 


io8  Rhodora  [June 

E.  polystachyon,  L.,  var.  latifolium,  Gray. 

E.  Virginicum,  L. 

E.  gracile,  Koch.     A.  W.  Ckeever,  1903. 


R.  alba,  Vahl. 

R.  capillacea,  Torr. 

C.  mariscoides,  Torr. 


RHYNCHOSPORA 


CLADIUM 


CAREX 
C.  intumescens,  Rudge. 

C.  rostrata,  Stokes.     C.  utriculata,  var.  minor,  Boott. 

C.  Tuckermani,  Dewey.     Herbaria  of  W.  Deane  and  J.  R.  Churchill,  1885. 
C.  retrorsa,  Schwein. 
C.  lurida,  Wahl. 

C.  lurida,  Wahl.,  var.  gracilis,  Bailey.      C  Baileyi,  Britton. 
C.  hystricina,  Muhl. 
C.  hystricina,  Muhl.,  var.  Dudleyi,  Bailey.     The  species  and  variety  on  same 

plant,  G.  G.  K.,  1898. 
C.  scabrata,  Schwein. 
C.  filiformis,  L. 
C.  striata.  Lam. 
C  lenticularis,  Michx. 
C.  gynandra,  Schwein 

C.  gracillima,  Schwein.  » 

C.  castanea,  Wahl.     Meadow  by  the  Four  Bridges,  1898. 
C.  arctata,  Boott. 

C.  debilis,  Michx.,  var.  Rudgei,  Bailey.     C  tenuis,  Rudge. 
C.  flava,  L. 

C.  flava,  L.,  var.  viridula,  Bailey.     C.  viridula  Michx. 
C.  pallescens,  L. 
C.  vaginata,  Tausch.     C.  saltuensis^  Bailey.     C.  altocaulis  (Dewey)   Britton. 

Swamp  between  West  Burke  and  Willoughby,  Pringle^  1878,  Herb.  Gray. 
C.  laxiflora,  Lam. 

C.  laxiflora,  Lam.,  var.  varians,  Bailey. 
C.  laxiflora,  Lam.,  var.  patulifolia,  Carey. 
C.  plantaginea.  Lam. 
C.  platyphylla,  Carey. 
C.  aurea,  Nutt. 

C.  eburnea,  Boott.     C  setifolia  (Dewey)  Britton. 
C.  pedunculata,  Muhl. 

C.  communis,  Bailey.     C.  fediceUata  (Dewey)  Britton. 
C.  albicans,  Willd. 
C.  deflexa,  Hornem. 

C.  scirpoidea,  Michx.     On  the    mountain  sides  and  occasionally   on   Lake 
roadside. 


1904]  Kennedy, —  Hora  of  Willoughby  109 

C.  leptalea  Wahl.      C.  polytrichoides^  Muhl. 

C.  stipata,  Muhl. 

C.  teretiuscula,  Gooden.     Little  Pond  Bog. 

C.  vulpinoidea,  Michx. 

C.  tenella,  Schkuhr. 

C.  rosea,  Schkuhr,  var.  minor,  Boott. 

C.  rosea,  Schkuhr,  var.  radiata,  Dewey. 

C.  stellulata,  Gooden.,  var.  angustata,  Carey.  C.  stertlis,  Britt.  &  Brown,  in 
part,  not  Willd.      C.  echinata,  Murr.,  var.  angustata^  Bailey. 

C.  interior,  Bailey. 

C.  canescens,  L.,  var.  subloliacea,  Laest. 

C.  brunnescens,  Poir.      C.  canescenSy  L.,  var.  alficola^  Wahl. 

C.  trisperma,  Dewey. 

C.  Deweyana,  Schwein. 

C.  bromoides,  Schkuhr. 

C.  Bebbii,  Olney. 

C.  tribuloides,  Wahl.,  var.  reducta,  Bailey.  C.  trihuloides,  Wahl.,  var.  moni- 
liformis (Tuckerm.)  Britton. 

C.  cristata,  Schwein.  C.  tribuloides,  Wahl.,  var.  cristata,  Bailey.  C.  crista- 
tclla^  Britton. 

C.  scoparia,  Schkuhr. 

C.  scoparia,  Schkuhr,  var.  condensa,  Fernald.     E.  F.  Williams,  1894. 

C.  Crawfordii,  Fernald. 

C.  mirabilis,  Dewey. 

C.  mirabilis,  Dewey,  var.  tincta,  Fernald. 

ARACEAE 
ARISAEMA 
A.  triphyllum,  Torr.     In  both  wet  and  apparently  dry  soil. 

CALLA 
C.  palustris,  L. 

ERIOCAULACEAE 
ERIOCAULON 
E.  septangulare.  Withering.     At  north  end  of  Lake. 

JUNCACEAE 

JUNCUS 
J.  effusus,  L. 

J.  bufonius,  L.     Of  all  shapes  and  sizes. 
J.  tenuis,  Willd.,  var.  Williamsii,  Fernald. 
J.  Dudleyi,  Wiegand. 
J.  nodosus,  L. 


no  Rhodora  [June 

J.  alpinus,  Vill.     Herb.  W.  Deane. 
J.  articulatus,  L. 
J.  brachycephalus,  Buchenau. 
J.  brevicaudatus,  Fernald. 

LUZULA 

L.  parviflora,  Desv.     L.  spadicea^  DC,  var.  melanocarpa^  Mejer.    Juncoides 

farviflortim  (Ehfh.)  Coville. 
L.  campestris,  DC,  var.  multiflora,  Celakovsky.     See  Rhodora,  vi,  38. 

LILIACEAE 

VERATRUM 
V.  viride,  Ait. 

OAKESIA 
O.  sessilifolia,  Watson.     Uvularia  sessilifolia,  L. 

HEMEROCALLIS 
H.  FULVA,  L.     Roadside. 

ALLIUM 

A.  tricoccum.  Ait. 

A.  ScHOENOPRAsuM,  L.     1899,  new  to  New  England,  the  Connecticut  River 
valley  plant  being  the  larger  var.  Stbertcum,  Hartm. 

LILIUM 
L.  TiGRiNUM,  Ker.     Roadside  by  an  abandoned  cellar. 

ERYTHRONIUM 
E.  Americanum,  Ker. 

CLINTONIA 
C.  borealis,  Raf. 

SMILACINA 

S.  racemosa,  Desf.      Vagnera  racemosa  (L.)  Morong. 

S.  stellata,  Desf.      Vagnera  stellata  (L.)  Morong. 

S.  trifolia,  Desf.      Vagnera  trifolia  (L.)  Morong.     Herb.  J.  R.  Churchill. 

MAIANTHEMUM 
M.  Canadense,  Desf.     Unifolium  Canadense  (Desf.)  Greene. 

STREPTOPUS 

S.  amplexifolius,  DC. 
S.  roseus,  Michx. 


1904]  Kennedy, —  Flora  of  Willoughby  iii 


P.  biflorum,  Ell. 
M.  Virginiana,  L. 


POLYGONATUM 


MEDEOLA 


TRILLIUM 


T.  erectum,  L. 

T.  undulatum,  Willd.     T.  erythrocarpum^  Michx. 

IRIDACEAE 

IRIS 
I.  versicolor,  L. 

SISYRINCHIUM 
S.  angustifolium,  Mill. 

ORCHIDACEAE 
CYPRIPEDIUM 

C.  acaule,  Ait.     Often  with  white  flowers. 

C.  arietinum,  R.  Br.     Mrs.  J.  E.  W.  Tkacher,  1897. 

C.  spectabile,    Salisb.  C.    regmae,VJsi\t.  E.    &    C.  E.   Faxon,  1887; 

Herb.  Gray. 
C.  pubescens,  Willd.     C.  kirsictufn^  Mill.     The    C.  pubescens  of  the  woods  is 

a   different  looking  plant  from   the   meadow  and   swamp  form,  which 

latter   is   almost    exactly   between    C.  pubescens,   Willd.   and    C.  par- 

vijiorum^  Salisb. 

ORCHIS. 

O.   spectabilis,   L.     Found   some   seasons    in    profusion    and   of   wonderful 
beauty. 

HABENARIA 

H.  Hookeri,  Torr.    Lystas  Hookeriana  (Gray)  Rydb.    Dr.  C.  A.  CAeever,  1903. 

H.  orbiculata,  Torr.     Lyslas  orbiculata  (Pursh)  Rydb. 

H.  obtusata,  Richardson.     Lysiclla  obtusata  (Pursh)  Rydb. 

H.  hyperborea,  R.  Br.     Limnorchts  hyperborea  (L.)  Rydb. 

H.  dilatata,  Gray.     Limnorchts  dilatata  (Pursh)  Rydb.    Limnorchts  fragrans, 

Rydb.    is   hardly   to   be     separated    except    by    its    evident   fragrance, 

and  perhaps  slender  form. 
H.  bracteata,  R.  Br.      Coeloglossum  bracteatum  (Willd.)  Pari. 
H.  tridentata,  Hook.      H.  clavellata  (Michx.)  Spreng. 
H.   psycodes,  Gray.     Occasional   forms   approach   H.  fintbriata,  R.  Br.  but 

no  typical  H.  Jimbriata  has  yet  been  collected. 


112  Rhodora  D^ne 

POGONIA 

P.  ophioglossoides,  Nutt. 

SPIRANTHES 

S.  Romanzoffiana,  Cham.      Gyrostachys  Romanzoffiana  (Cham.)  MacM. 
S.  cernua,  Richard.      Gyrostachys  cerntia  (L.)  Kuntze. 
S.  gracilis,  Bigel.      Gyrostachys  gracilis  (Bigel.)  Kuntze. 


L.  convallarioides,  Nutt. 
L.  cordata,  R.  Br. 


LISTERA 


GOODYERA. 


G.  repens,  R.  Br.,  var.  ophioides,  Fernald.     Peramium  refens  (L.)  Britt.  & 

Brown,  not  Salisb. 
G.  tesselata,  Lodd. 

MICROSTYLIS 

M.  monophyllos,  Lindl.     Achroanthes  monophylla  (L.)  Greene.     Verv  rare ; 

on  the  side  of  Mt.  Hor. 
M.  ophioglossoides,  Nutt.     Achroanthes  unifolia  (Michx.)  Raf. 

LIPARIS 
L.  Loeselii,  Richard.  Leptorchis  Loeselii  (L.)  MacM.     Meadow,  rare. 

CALYPSO 
C.  borealis,  Salisb.     C  bulbosa  (L.)  Oakes.     In  deep  and  cold  cedar  swamps. 

CORALLORHIZA 

C.  innata,  R.  Br.  Two  specimens  of  C.  imiata,  found  June  4,  1901,  in  dense 
shade  in  swampj  woods,  show  the  condition  known  as  irregular  peloria. 
In  this  case  a  conversion  of  the  petals  into  normal  or  nearly  normal  lips 
gives  a  remarkable  appearance  to  the  flowering  spike.  This  is  more 
common  in  cultivated  orchids  than  in  wild  plants  and  I  have  to  thank 
Mr.  Oakes  Ames  for  explaining  to  me  the  singular  anomaly  in  these 
specimens. 

C.  multiflora,  Nutt. 

Dicotyledons. 

JUGLANDACEAE 

JUGLANS 
J.  cinerea,  L. 


1904]  Kennedy, —  Flora  of  Willoughby  113 

MYRICACEAE 

MYRICA 
M.  Gale,  L. 

SALICACEAE 

POPULUS 

P.  balsamifera,  L.     The  leaf-bud  has  a  resinous  odor  of  watchmakers'  oil 

rather  than  the  fragrant  odor  of  var.  caudicans^  the  Balm  of  Gilead. 
P.  tremuloides,  Michx. 
P.  grandidentata,  Michx. 

SALIX 

S.   nigra,  Marsh,  var.   falcata,  Torr.     North  beach  on  Lake. 

S.  lucida,  Muhl. 

S.  purpurea,  L.     Large  clump  on  roadside  towards  Chemical  Pond. 

S.  rostrata,  Richardson.     5.  Bebbiana^  Sarg. 

S.  humilis,  Marsh. 

S.  discolor,  Muhl. 

S.  petiolaris.  Smith.     On  beach  at  north  end  of  Lake,  Miss  A.  Lorenz. 

S.  cordata,  Muhl. 

S.  balsamifera,  Barratt.     Quite  frequent. 

CUPULIFERAE 
OSTRYA 


O.  Virginica,  Willd. 
C.  rostrata.  Ait. 


CORYLUS 


BETULA 


B.  alba,  L.,  var.  papyrifera,  Spach.     B.  fafyrtfera^  Marsh. 

B.  alba,  L.,  var.  cordifolia,  Fernald. 

B.  lenta,  L. 

B.  lutea,  Michx.  f. 

ALNUS 

A.  viridis,  DC.     A.  Alnobe.tula  (Ehrh.)  K.  Koch.     Very  common. 
A.  incana,  Willd. 

FAGUS 
F.  ferruginea,  Ait.     F.  Americana^  Sweet. 

QUERCUS 
Q.  rubra,  L.     On  "4th  of  July  "  and  other  slides  ;  not  seen  elsewhere. 


114  Rhodora  [June 

URTICACEAE 

ULMUS 

U.  Americana,  L. 

U.  fulva,  Michx.     In  the  woods  at  base  of  the  mountain. 

HUMULUS 
H.  Lupulus,  L.     At  Sutton  Road  corner. 

LAPORTEA 
L.  Canadensis,  Gaudichaud.     Urticastrum  divaricatum  (L.)  Kuntze. 

ARISTOLOCHIACEAE 

ASARUM 
A.  Canadense,  L.     Rare. 

POLYGONACEAE 

RHEUM 
R.  Rhapontium,  L.     In  a  wild  farm  pasture,  escaped. 


R.  ACETOSELLA,  L. 

R.  cRispus,  L. 

R.  OBTUSIFOLIUS,    L. 


F.  EscuLENTUM,  Moench. 
F.  Tataricum,  Gaertn. 


RUMEX 


FAGOPYRUM 


POLYGONUM 


P.  Persic  ARIA,  L. 

P.  Hydropiper,  L.  , 

P.  aviculare,  L. 

P.  Convolvulus,  L. 

P.  cilinode,  Michx. 

P.  sagittatum,  L. 

CHENOPODIACEAE 
CHENOPODIUM 

C.  ALBUM,  L. 

C.  capitatum,  Watson.     Blituyn  capita'um^  L.     Near  the  tarm-barn. 


1904]  Kennedy, —  Flora  of  Willoughby  115 

AMARANTHACEAE 

AMARANTHUS 

A.  RETROFLEXus,  L.      Called   Rag-weed   and   said   to   have  come  from  the 
West,  thus  indicating  a  comparatively  recent  introduction. 

PORTULACACEAE 

CLAYTONIA 

C.  Caroliniana,  Michx. 

PORTULACA 

P.   OLERACEA,  L. 

CARYOPHYLLACEAE 
AGROSTEMMA 
A.  GiTHAGO,  L.     Lychnis  Gttkago,  Scopoli. 

SILENE 

S.    CucuBALUs,    Wibel.       5.    vulgaris   (Moench)    Garcke.      Roadside   near 

Chemical  Pond. 
S.  NOCTiFLORA,  L.     Near  Picnic  house  at  Lake. 

LYCHNIS 
L.  Chalcedonica,  L.     Escape  at  Sheffield  Landing. 

SAPONARIA 
S.  officinalis,  L. 
S.  Vaccaria,  L.     Vaccaria  Vaccaria  (L.)  Britton.     Herb.  Walter  Deane,  1885. 

DIANTHUS 

D.  BARBATUS,  L.     Escapc. 

STELLARIA 

S.  media,  Cyrill.     Alsine  media,  L. 

S.  GRAMINEA,  L.     Alsitie  gramitiea  (L.)  Britton. 

S.  boreahs,  Bigel.     Alsine  horealis  (Bigel.)  Britton. 

CERASTIUM 

C.   VULGATUM,  L. 

SPERGULA 

S.  ARVENSIS,  L. 


Il6  Rhodora  [June 

NYMPHAEACEAE 

NUPHAR 

N.  advena,  Ait.  f.     Nymfhaea  advena,  Soland. 

N.  advena,   Ait.   f.,    var.   hybridum,    Peck.    N.  advena,  Ait.  f.,  var.  minus^ 

Morong. 
N.  minimum,  Smith.     Nytnphaea  Kalmiana  (Michx.)  Sims. 

NYMPHAEA 

N.  ODORATA,  Ait.     Castalia  odorata  (Drjand.)  Woodv.  &«Wood.3[Planted 
in  Little  Pond. 

RANUNCULACEAE 

CALTHA 

C.  palustris,  L.     In  both  wet  and  apparently  dry  places. 

COPTIS 
C.  trifolia,  Salisb. 

ACTAEA 
A.  rubra  Willd. 
A.  alba,  Bigel.     Very  variable  as  to  pedicels  and  color  of  fruit. 

PAEONIA 

P.  OFFICINALIS,  Retz.     Persistent  in  an  old  orchard. 

AQUILEGIA 
A.  VULGARIS,  L.     Roadside  escape. 

ACONITUM 
A.  Napellus,  L.      An  escape  on  the  Newark  Road. 

ANEMONE 

A.  riparia,  Fernald.     All  the  Anemone  reports  from  Russell's  in  1852  to  the 
present  time  are  now  to  be  referred  to  Mr.  Fernald's  A.  riparia. 

HEPATICA 
H.  acutiloba,  DC.     H.  acuta  (Pursh)  Britton. 

CLEMATIS 
C.  Virgininana,  L. 
C.  verticillaris,  DC.     Atra^ene  Americana,  Sims.     Occasional. 


1904]  Kennedy, —  Flora  of  Willoughby  1 1 7 

RANUNCULUS 
R.  abortivus,  L. 
R.  recurvatus,  Poir. 

R.  ACRIS,  L. 

R.  repens,  L. 
R.  septentrionalis,  Poir. 

R.  aquatilis,L.,  var.  trichophyllus,  Gray.     Batrachium  trichopJiyllum  (Chaix) 
Bossch. 

THALICTRUM 
T.  polygamum,  Muhl. 

'^  BERBERIDACEAE 

CAULOPHYLLUM 

C.  thalictroides,  Michx.     In  mountain  woods. 

PAPAVERACEAE 

SANGUINARIA 
S.  Canadensis,  L.     Rare. 

DICENTRA 

D.  Cucullaria,  DC.     Bicuculla   Cucullaria  (L.)  Millsp.     In  mountain  woods. 
D.    Canadensis,     DC.     Bicuculla     Canadensis    (Goldie)     Millsp.      On    the 

mountain. 

CRUCIFERAE 
LEPIDIUM 

L.  VlRGIJ^ICUM,  L. 

SISYMBRIUM 

S.  OFFICINALE,  ScOp. 

BRAYA 

B.  humilis,  Robinson.     Sisymbrium  /tumilcMeytr.     Probably  from  its  abun- 
dance on  the  Cliffs  the  Arabis  lyrata  of  Mr.  Russell's  1852  List. 

BRASSICA 
B.  juNCEA,  Cosson. 
B.  SiNAPisTRUM,  Boiss.     B.  arvensis  (L.)  B.  S.  P. 

B.  CAMPESTRIS,  L. 

RAPHANUS 
R.  Raphanistrum,  L. 


ii8  Rhodora  [Juxe 

BARBAREA 

B.  STRiCTA,  Andrz.     B.  vulgaris^  Gray,  Man.  Ed.  6,  in  part. 

NASTURTIUM 

N.  terrestre,  R.  Br.     N.  palustre,  DC.     Roripa  falustris  (L.)  Bess. 
N.  OFFICINALE,  R.  Br.     Roripa  Nasturtium  (L.)  Rusby. 

N.  Armoracia,  Fries.     Roripa   Armoracia  (L.)  A.  S.  Hitchcock.     Fruiting 
specimen  in  Herb.  J.  R.  ChurchiH. 

CARDAMINE 

C.  Pennsylvanica,  Muhl. 

DENTARIA 

D.  diphylla,  L.     Quite  variable  as  to  foliage,  but  always  with  the  dipkylla 

rootstock. 

CAPSELLA 

C.  BuRSA-PASTORis,  Moench.     Very  variable  in  size  and  foliage. 

DRABA 

D.  incana,  L. 

D.  incana,  L.,  var.  arabisans,  Watson. 

DROSERACEAE 

DROSERA 
D.  rotundifolia,  L. 

CRASSULACEAE 

SEDUM 

S.  Telephium,  L.     Escape  by  edge  of  woods,  Cheney  Place. 
S.  ACRE,  L.     On  old  wall. 

SAXIFRAGACEAE 

.   SAXIFRAGA 

S.  oppositifolia,  L.     Common  on  the  cliffs. 
'     S.  aizoides,  L.     On  the  cliffs. 

S.  Aizoon,  Jacq.     On  the  upper  portions  of  cliffs. 
S.  Virginiensis,  Michx. 

TIARELLA 
T.  cordifolia,  L. 


[904]  Kennedy, —  Flora  of  Willoughby  119 


MITELLA 
M.  nuda,  L. 

CHRYSOSPLENIUM 

C.  Americanum,  Schwein. 

PARNASSIA 
P.  Caroliniana,  Michx.     In  wet  pastures. 

RIBES 
R.  Cynosbati,  L. 
R.  oxyacanthoides,  L. 
R.  lacustre,  Poir. 
R.  prostratum,  L'Her. 
R.  floridum,  L'H^r. 

R.    albinervium,   Michx.    R.  rubrum^  L.,  var.  subglandulosum^  Maxim.     R. 
rubrtim,  Britt.  &  Brown,  in  part,  not  L. 

ROSACEAE 

SPIRAEA 

S.  latifolia,  Borkh.     S.  saltcifolia.  Gray,  Man.  Ed.  6,  in  part,  not  L. 
S.  tomentosa,  L. 

RUBUS 
R.  odoratus,  L. 

R.  Idaeus,  L.,  var.  strigosus,  Maxim.     R.  strigosus^  Michx. 
R.  occidentalis,  L.     Herb.  Walter  Deane,  1885;  not  common. 
R.  triflorus,  Richardson.     R.  Americanus  (Pers.)  Britton. 
R.  setosus,  Bigel. 
R.  Canadensis,  L.     R.  Milhpaughii,  Britton. 

DALIBARDA 

D.  repens,  L.     Not  common. 

FRAGARIA 
F.  Virginiana,  Mill. 
F.  Americana,  Britton.     F.  vesca,  Gray,  Man.  Ed.  6,  in  great  part. 

POTENTILLA 

P.  Norvegica,  L.     P.  Monspeliensts,  L.     Variable. 
P.  fruticosa,  L.     Not  common. 

P.  Canadensis,  L.      A   plant   reported   under   this    name  was   probably  P. 
simplex^  Michx. 


120 


Rhodora 


(June 


GEUM 


G.  rivale,  L. 

G.  strictum.  Ait. 


AGRIMONIA 
A.  striata,  Michx.     A.  Brittoniana^  Bickn. 

ROSA 

R.  blanda,  Ait.     On  the  cliffs,  and  rocky  roadside. 

R.  Carolina,  L.,  var.  setigera,  Crdpin.     In  wet  wood  road. 


PYRUS 

P.  Americana,  DC.     Sorbus  Americana,  Marsh. 

P.  Sitchensis,  Piper.     P.  sambucifolia.  Gray,  Man.  Ed.  6,  not  Cham.  &  Schl. 

Sorbus  sanibncifolia,  Britt.  &  Brown,  not  Roem. 
P.  Malus,  L.     Growing  wild  in  many  places. 
P.  arbutifolia,  L.,  var.  melanocarpa,  Hook.     Aronia  nigra  (Willd.)  Britton. 

Rare,  Marl  Pond  bog. 


A,  oligocarpa,  Roem. 


AMELANCHIER 


CRATAEGUS 


C.  media,  Sarg. 
C.  flabellata,  Bosc. 

PRUNUS 
P.  nigra.  Ait. 

P.  Pennsylvanica,   L.  f.     Very  variable  in  size  of  tree  and  fruit. 
P.  Virgininana,  L. 
P.  serotina,  Ehrh. 

LEGUMINOSAE 
MELILOTUS 


M.  ALBA,  Desr. 


T.  PRATENSE,  L. 
T.  INCARNATUM,  L. 
T.  HYBRIDUM,  L. 
T.  REPENS,  L. 
T.  AGRARIUM,  L. 


TRIFOLIUM 


ROBINIA 
R.  viscosA,  Vent.     Roadside  tree  near  Sheffield  Landing. 


1904]  Kennedy, —  Flora  of  Willoughby  121 

ASTRAGALUS 

A.  Blakei,  Eggleston.     Common  on  the  slides  and  down  to  Lake  roadside  ; 
different  from  A.  Robbinsii,  Gray. 

HEDYSARUM 
H.  boreale,  Nutt.     H.  Americana  (Michx.)  Britton.     On  the  slides. 

OXALIDACEAE 

OXALIS 
O.  Acetosella,  L. 

0.  cymosa,  Small.     O.  cornicula  and  O.  striata  of  authors  in  part,  not  L. 

LINACEAE 

LINUM 
L.  usiTATissiMUM,  L.     In  field, 

EUPHORBIACEAE 

EUPHORBIA 
E,  Cyparissias,  L. 

CALLITRICHACEAE 
CALLITRICHE 
C.  verna,  L.     C.  palustris,  L. 

ANACARDIACEAE 

RHUS 

R.  typhina,  L.     /?.  kirta  (L.)  Sudvv. 

R.  Toxicodendron,  L.     R.  radicans,  L.     Only  on  the  mountain  slides. 

AQUIFOLIACEAE 

ILEX 

1.  verticillata,  Gray. 

NEMOPANTHUS 
N.  fascicularis,  Raf.     Iliciodes  inucronata  (L.)  Britton. 

CELASTRACEAE 
CELASTRUS 
C.  scandens,  L.     Not  common. 


122  Rhodora  [June 

ACERACEAE 

ACER 
A.  rubrum,  L. 

A.  Saccharum,  Marsh.     A.  saccharinum,  Wang.,  not  L. 
A.  nigrum,  Michx.     Said  to  grow  at  the  north  end  of  the  lake. 
A,  Pennsylvanicum,  L. 
A.  spicatum,  Lam. 

BALSAMINACEAE 

IMPATIENS 

I.  biflora,  Walt.     I.ftdva,  Nutt. 

I.  aurea,    Muhl.     /.  pallida,  Nutt.     Only  on  Mt.  Hor  side  of  the  Lake. 

RHAMNACEAE 
RHAMNUS 
R.  alnifolia,  L'Hdr.     In  wet  pastures. 

VITACEAE 

VITIS 
V.  vulpina,  L.     Abundant  on  the  mountain  slides. 

AMPELOPSIS 
A.  quinquefolia,  Michx.     Parthenocissus  quinquefolia  (L.)  Planch. 

TILIACEAE 

TILIA 
T.  Americana,  L. 

MALVACEAE 

MALVA 

M.  Alcea,  L.     Garden  escape,  Newark  Road. 

M.  MoscHATA,  L.     Frequent  on  Long  Pond  Road. 

HYPERICACEAE 

HYPERICUM 

H.   PERFORATUM,  L. 

H.  maculatum,  Walt. 
H.  boreale,  Bickn. 
H.  mutilum,  L. 


1904J  Kennedy, — ^  Flora  of  Willoughby  123 

H.  Canadense,  L. 

H.  Virginicum,  L.     Elodes  camfiannlata^  Pursh.       Triadenum    Virginicum 
(L.)  Raf. 

VIOLACEAE 

VIOLA 
V.  cucullata,  Ait. 
V.  venustula,  Greene.     Wet  places  on  the  slides.     President  Brainerd  writes. 

that  this  is  hardlj  distinct  from  V.  affinis^  Le  Conte. 
V.  Selkirkii,  Pursh.     Verj  variable  ;    in  more  or  less  shaded  places. 
V.  blanda,  Willd. 

V.  amoena,  Le  Conte.      V.  blanda,  var.  palustrifonnis^  Gray. 
V.  renifolia,  Gray. 

V.  rottrndifolia,  Michx.  , 

V.  pubescens,  Ait. 
V.  scabriuscula,  Schwein. 
V.  Canadensis,  L. 

V.  conspersa,  Reichenb.      V.  cantha,L.,  var.  Muhlenbergii^  Gray,  Man,  Ed.  6. 
V.  TRICOLOR,  L.     Well  established  in  various  places. 

THYMELACEAE 
DIRCA 

D.  palustris,  L.     On  the  big  slide. 

ONAGRACEAE 
EPILOBIUM 

E.  angustifolium,  L.      Chamaenerion  atigustifolium  (L.)  Scop. 
E.  lineare,  Muhl. 

E.  strictum,  Muhl. 

E.  coloratum,  Muhl. 

E.  adenocaulon,  Haussk. 

OENOTHERA 

O.  biennis,  L.      Onagra  biennis  (L.)  Scop. 
O.  pumila,  M.     Kneiffia  puinila  (L.)  Spach. 

CIRCAEA 

C.  Lutetiana,  L.     Rare.     E.  F.  Williams,  1894. 
C.  alpina,  L. 

HALORRHAGIDACEAE 
HIPPURIS 

H.  vulgaris,  L.     Deep  brook  in  swamp  ;  submerged  form. 


124  Rhodora  (June 

ARALIACEAE 

ARALIA 
A.  racemosa,  L. 
A.  nudicaulis,  L. 
A.  hispida,  Vent. 

PANAX 

P.  quinquefolium,  L.     Aralia  quinquefolia,  Dec.  &  PI.     Rare. 

UMBELLIFERAE 

HERACLEUM 
H.  lanatum,  Michx. 

P.  SATivA,  L.     Escape. 
S.  Marylandica,  L. 


PASTINACA 
SANICULA 


OSMORRHIZA 
O.  brevistylis,  DC.      Washingtonia  Claytoni  (Michx.)  Britton. 

ZIZIA 
Z.  aurea,  Koch.     Very  common. 

LEVISTICUM 
L.  OFFICINALE,  Koch.     Old  garden  on  deserted  farm  near  Green  Tunnel. 

CARUM 
C.  Carui,  L.    Very  common. 

CICUTA 
C.  bulbifera,  L.     Little  Pond  bog. 

HYDROCOTYLE 
H.  Americana,  L. 

CORNACEAE 

CORNUS 
C.  Canadensis,  L. 
C.  circinata,  L'Her. 

C.  stolonifera,  Michx.     Not  so  common  as  would  be  expected. 
C.  alternifolia,  L.  f. 


1904]  Kennedy, —  Flora  of  Willoughby  125 

ERICACEAE 

PYROLA 
P.  chlorantha,  Swartz. 
P.  elliptica,  Nutt. 

P.  rotundifolia,  var.  uliginosa,  Gray.      Little  Pond  Bog.     P.  uliginosa,  Torr. 
P.  asarifolia,  Michx.     Lake  roadside,  1901. 
P.  secunda,  L. 
P.  secunda,  L.,  var.  pumila,  Gray. 

MONESES 
M.  grandiflora,  Salisb.     M.  unijlora  (L.)  Gray. 

CHIMAPHILA 
C.  umbellata,  Nutt.      . 

MONOTROPA 
M.  uniflora,  L. 
M.  Hypopitys,  L.     Hypopilys  Hyfopitys  (L.)  Small. 

KALMIA 

K.  angustifolia,  L.  •  Not  common. 
K.  glauca,  Ait. 

LEDUM 
L.  Groenlandicum,  Oeder.     L.  latifoliiim.  Ait.     Not  common. 

RHODODODENDRON 
R.  Rhodora,  Don.     Rhodora  Canadensis.,  L.     Rare.  , 

ANDROMEDA 

A.  glaucophylla,  Link.  A  large  patch  in  dry  field.  A.  polifoha  of  Am. 
authors  in  part,  not  L. 

CHAMAEDAPHNE 
C.  calyculata,  Moench.     Cassandra  calycnlata.,  Don.     Common. 

EPIGAEA 

E.  repens,  L.  Many  people  have  noticed  in  the  early  autumn  a  sweet  odor 
in  the  woods  and  have  usually  tried  to  find  a  late  blossoming  Epigaea  or 
Linnaea  as  its  source  ;  but  it  is  probably  the  Fragrant  Fungus,  Lentinus 


1 26  Rhodora  [June 

snavisstvins.  Fries,  a  species  identified  for  me  by  Prof.  W.  G.  Farlow  and 
occurring  on  willows,  but  observed  by  me  at  Willoughby  on  the  comnion 
alder,  Alnus  incana^  Willd. 

GAULTHERIA 
G.  procumbens,  L.     Not  common. 

VACCINIUM 

V.  Canadense,  Kalm.     Not  common. 

V.  Vitis-Idaea,  L.,  var.  minus,  Loddiges.  This  interesting  plant,  recorded 
in  Vermont  only  from  the  summits  of  Mansfield  and  Camel's  Hump 
mountains,  has  increased  its  area  at  Willoughby  since  I  first  noticed  it 
on  June  4th,  1901. 

V.  Oxycoccus,  L.,  var.  intermedium,  Gray.     Oxycoccus  Oxycoccus  (L.)  MacM. 

CHIOGENES 
C.  serpyllifolia,  Salisb.      C.  hhpidula  (L.)  T.  &  G. 

PRIMULACEAE 

PRIMULA  • 

P.  Mistassinica,  Michx.  Abundant  on  the  ledges  of  the  mountain  and 
spreading  in  many  wet  fields. 

LYSIMACHIA 

L.  striata,  Ait.     L.  terreUris  (L.)  B.  S.  P. 

L.  thyrsiflora,  L.     Naumbergia  thyrsijiora  (L.)  Duby.     Sheffield  Landing. 


S.  ciliatum,  Raf. 


STEIRONEMA 


TRIENTALIS 


T.  Americana,  Pursh. 

OLEACEAE 
SYRINGA 
S.  vulgaris,  L.     Common  on  the  roadside. 

FRAXINUS 
F.  Americana,  L. 
F.  nigra,  Marsh.     F.  siunbiicifolia^  Lam. 


i90zj]  Kennedy, —  Flora  of  Willoughby  127 

GENTIANACEAE 
GENTIANA 
G.  linearis,  Froel.     In  one  meadow  onlj. 

MENYANTHES 
M.  trifoliata,  L.     Rare. 

APOCYNACEAE 
VINCA 

V.  MINOR,  L.     Abundant  in  one  place  in  cold  swamp  near  outlet  of  lake.     A 
strange  habitat. 

APOCYNUM 
A.  medium,  Greene. 
A.  cannabinum,  L.     Including  the  var.  glaberrimum,  DC 

ASCLEPIADACEAE 

ASCLEPIAS 
A.  Syriaca,  L.     A.  Cornuti^  Dec. 

CONVOLVULACEAE 

CONVOLVULUS 
C.  sepium,  L. 

BORAGINACEAE 
MYOSOTIS 
M.  palustris,  Withering.     Not  common. 

LABIATAE 

SCUTELLARIA 
S.  lateriflora,  L. 
S.  galericulata,  L. 

NEPETA 
N.  Glechoma,  Benth.      Glecoma  hcderacea^  L.     Old  cellar  wall  by  roadside. 

LAMIUM 
L.  MACULATUM,  L.     A.  W.  Cheevcr,  1903. 


128  Rhodora  [June 

PRUNELLA 
P.  vulgaris,  L. 

GALEOPSIS 

G.  Tetrahit,  L.     Flowers  often  white. 

LEONURUS 
L.  Cardiaca,  L. 

STACHYS 
S.  palustris,  L.     Miss  A.  Lorenz,  1900. 

MONARDA 
M.  DiDYMA,  L.     On  Newark  road ;  an  escape. 

CALAMINTHA 
C.  Clinopodium,  Benth.      Clinopodium  vulgare^  L. 

LYCOPUS 

L,  sinuatus,  Ell.     L.  Americanus,  Muhl. 

L.  rubellus,  Moench. 

L.  uniflorus,  Michx.     L.  Virghiictcs,  in  part,  of  authors. 

MENTHA 
M.  viRiDis,  L.     M.  spicata,  L.     In  one  place  in  a  wet  field. 

M.  PIPERITA,  L. 

M.  arvensis,  L. 

M.  arvensis,  L.,  var.  Canadensis,  Briquet.     M.  Canadensisy  L. 

SOLANACEAE 
PHYSALIS 
P.  heterophylla,  Nees.     P.  Virginiana,  Gray  Man.  Ed.  6,  not  Mill. 

SCROPHULARIACEAE 

VERBASCUM 
V.  Thapsus,  L. 

LINARIA 

L.  vulgaris,  Mill.     L.  Linaria  (L.)  Karst. 

CHELONE 
C.  glabra,  L. 


1904 J  Kennedy, —  Flora  of  Willoughby  129 


VERONICA 

V.  LONGiFOLiA,  L.     On  roadside  near  Long  Pond. 

V.  Americana,  Schw. 

Y.  serpyllifolia,  L.,  var.  borealis,  Laestad. 

LENTIBULARIACEAE 
UTRICULARIA 

U.  cornuta,  Michx. 

U.  clandestina,  Nutt.     Little  Pond,  1896. 

U.  intermedia,  Hayne. 

OROBANCHACEAE 

OROBANCHE 

O.  uniflora,  L.  Thalesia  uniflora  (L.)  Britton.  Afhyllon  untjlorum^  Gray. 
In  great  abundance  in  1898  on  Lake  roadside,  but  not  noted  before  or 
since. 

EPIPHEGUS 

E.  Virginiana,  Bart.  Leptatnnium  Virginianum  (L.)  Raf.  Common  in 
beech  woods. 

PLANT  AGIN  ACE  AE 

PLANTAGO 

P.  MAJOR,  L.     Often  with  leafy  spikes,  as  noticed  also  in  Canada. 

P.  MAJOR,  L.,  var.  minima,  Dec.     Very  small  and  slender  and  of  various 

forms. 
P.  Rugelii,  Dec. 
P.  LANCEOLATA,  L.     Not  common. 

RUBIACEAE 
MITCHELLA 


M.  repens,  L. 

G.  lanceolatum,  Torr. 
G.  trifiorum,  Michx. 
G.  trifidum,  L. 
G.  Claytoni,  Michx. 
G.  asprellum,  Michx. 


GALIUM 


CAPRIFOLIACEAE 
SAMBUCUS 


S.  Canadensis,  L. 

S.  racemosa,  L.     5.  pttbens,  Michx. 


130  khodora  [June 

VIBURNUM 

V.  alnifolium,  Marsh.      V.  lantanoides,  Michx.     Abundant. 

V.  Opulus,  L.     Not  common. 

V.  cassinoides,  L.     Not  common.  * 

LINNAEA 
L.  borealis,  L.     L.  Americana,  Forbes. 

SYMPIIORICARPOS 
S.  RACEMosus,  Michx.     Escape  bj  roadside. 

LONICERA 
L.  caerulea,  L. 
L.  oblongifolia,  Muhl. 
L.  Canadensis,  Marsh.     L.  ciliata,  Muhl. 

DIERVILLA 

D.  trifida,  Moench.     D.  Diervilla  (L.)  MacM. 

CUCURBITACEAE 
ECHINOCYSTIS 

E.  LOBATA,  T.  &  G.     Micrampelt's  lobata  (Michx.)  Greene.     Near  the  Hotel 

in  field. 

CAMPANULACEAE  (incl.  Lobeliaceae) 

CAMPANULA 
C.  rotundifolia,  L. 
C.  RAPUNCULOiDES,  L.     Long  Pond  road. 

LOBELIA 

L.  Dortmanna,  L.     At  north  end  of  Lalce. 

L.  inflata,  L. 

L.  Kalmii,  L.     On  the  slides  and  in  wet  fields. 

COMPOSITAE 

EUPATORIUM 
E.  maculatum,  L. 
E.  perfoliatum,  L. 
E.  ageratoides,  L.     This  seems  to  be  E.  boreale,  Greene. 


1904]  Kennedy, —  Flora  of  Willoughby  131 

SOLIDAGO 

S.  latifolia,  L.     S.Jiexicaulis,  L. 

S.  bicolor,  L. 

S.  bicolor  L.,  var.  concolor,  T.  &  G.     vS.  hispida,  Muhl.     Very  abundant  and 

the  most  noticeable  roadside  golden-rod. 
S.  macrophylla,  Pursh.     In  woods  on  the  mountain. 
S.  Virgaurea,  L.,  var.  Randii,  Porter. 
S.  Virgaurea,  L.,  var.  monticola,  Porter. 
S.  Virgaurea,  L.,  var.  Redfieldii,  Porter. 
S.  Virgaurea,  L.,  betw.  var.  Randii  &  var.  Redfieldii. 
S.  Virgaurea,  L.,  betw.  var.  Randii  &  var.  monticola.     The  varieties  of  6\ 

Virgaurea  generally  in  exposed  sunnj  situations. 
S.  humilis,  Pursh.     5'.  Purskii,  Porter. 
S.  uliginosa,  Nutt. 
S.  rugosa.  Mill. 

S.  Canadensis,  L.,  var.  glabrata,  Porter. 
S.  nemoralis,  Ait. 
S.  lanceolata,  L.     Riithamia  gratninifolia  (L.)  Nutt. 

E  RIG  E  RON 

E.  hyssopifolius,  Michx.     On  the  slides. 

E.  bellidifolius,  Muhl.     E.  ptilchellus,Mic\\^. 

E.  Philadelphicus,  L. 

E.  annuus,  Pers. 

E.  strigosus,  Muhl.     E.  ramosus  (Walt.)  B.  S.  P. 

E.  Canadensis,  L.     Leptilon  Canadense  (L.)  Britton. 

ASTER 

A.  divaricatus,  L.     A.  corymbosus,  Ait. 

A.  macrophyllus,  L. 

A.  cordifolius,  L. 

A.  polyphyllus,  Wilid.  A.  Faxoni^  Porter.  On  the  mountain  ledges  and 
even  down  to  the  roadside. 

A.  diffusus,  Ait.     A.  later ijiortis  (L.)  Britton. 

A.  diffusus,  Ait.,  var.  hirsuticaulis,  Gray. 

A.  paniculatus,  Lam. 

A.  paniculatus,  Lam.,  var.  lanatus,  Fernald,  n.  var.  "  Stem  i  m.  high,  white- 
villous  or  -lanate  :  leaves  elongate-lanceolate,  long-acuminate,  i  to  1.5  dm. 
long,  I  to  1.5  cm.  wide,  scabrous  above,  glabrous  beneath  or  slightly 
pubescent  on  the  midribs,  sharply  serrate,  as  in  <he  species,:  heads  many, 
paniculate,  as  in  typical  A.  paniculatus.  — West  Burke  Road,  Wil- 
loughby,  Vermont,  July  20,  1896  (£).  F.  Williams);  Sutton  Road, 
Willoughby,  Sept.  4,  1896  ( G.  G.  Kennedy^;  Punk  Island,  Lake  Winni- 
peg, Manitoba,  July  6,  1884  —  type  (/.  M.  Macoun).     Distinctly  a  form  of 


132  Rhodora  [June 

A.  fanicnlatus,  hnt  distinguished  by  its  striking  pubescence  similar  to 

that  of    A.  longifolius,  var.  villicauUs^   A.  cordifolius,    var.   Fnrbishiae^ 

and  A.  tardijiorus,  var.  vestitus.'' 
A.  paniculatus,  Lam.,  var.  bellidiflorus,  Burgess. 
A.  longifolius,  Lam.     1898.     Rare,  or  some  seasons  not  observed. 
A.  tardiflorus,  L. 

A.  tardiflorus,  L.,  var.  vestitus,  Fernald. 
A.  puniceus,  L. 

A.  umbellatus.  Mill.     Doellingeria  umbellata  (Mill.)  Nees. 
A.  acuminatus,  Michx.     Including  the  form  with  chaffy  scales   instead  of 

flowers. 

ANTENNARIA 
A.  Canadensis,  Greene. 
A.  fallax,  Greene.  , 

A.  neodioica,  Greene. 

A.  neodioica,  Greene,  var.  grandis,  Fernald. 
A.  neglecta,  Greene. 
A.  petaloidea,  Fernald. 

ANAPHALIS 

A.  margaritacea,  Benth.  &  Hook.  f. 

GNAPHALIUM 

G.  polycephalum,  Michx.      G.  obtusifoliutn,  L. 
G.  decurrens,  Ives. 
G.  uliginosuiri,  L. 

INULA 

I.  Helenium,  L.     A  large  plant  beside  brook  on  Long  Pond  Road  which  I 
have  never  seen  in  flower. 

RUDBECKIA 

R.  HIRTA,  L. 

HELIANTHUS 

H.  ANNUUS,  L. 

H.  TUBEROSUS,  L.     In  doorjard. 

BIDENS 

B.  frondosa,  L,  • 
B,  cernua,  L. 

ACHILLEA 
A.  MillefoliuTn,  L.     Flowers  varying  to  deep  red  color. 


1904]  Kennedy, —  Flora  of  Willoughby  133 


CHRYSANTHEMUM 

C.   Leucanthemum,  L.,  var.   subpinnatipidum,  Fernald.     (See  Rhodora, 

V.  181). 
C.  Balsamitae,  L.,  var.  TANACETOinEs,  Boiss.     A  roadside  escape. 

TANACETUM 

T.  VULGARE,   L. 

T.  VULGARE,  L.,  var.  crispum,  DC. 

ARTEMISIA 

A.  Canadensis,  Michx.     On  the  cliffs  and  slides. 

A.  Abrotanum,  L.     a  garden  escape. 

A.  VULGARIS,  L.     Said  to  be  a  recent  introduction  from  Canada;  one  farmer 

said  within  25  years. 
A.  PoNTicA,  L.     Garden  escape  on  the  Long  Pond  Road. 

TUSSILAGO 
T.  P^ARFARA,  L.     Abundant. 

PETASITES 

P.  palmata,  Gray.  Considered  rare  in'  the  swamps,  but  appeared  in  1901  in 
great  abundance  at  the  southern  end  of  lake  in  the  waste  sawdust  from 
an  old  and  abandoned  saw  mill. 

SENECIO 
S.  Robbinsii,  Oakes.     Very  Common. 

ERECHTITES 

E.  prealta,  Raf.  E.  hieracifolia,  Raf.  Lake  roadside,  1903.  Not  before 
reported  in  the  neighborhood,  but  two  plants  were  observed  Oct.  i,  1903, 
near  Roaring  Brook  after  the  building  of  a  new  lake  wall -at  that  part  of 
the  roadway.  It  will  be  interesting  to  note  if  the  one  plant  left  uncol- 
lected will  establish  a  colony. 

ARCTIUM 

A.  MINUS,  Bernh. 

A.  Lappa,  L.     A.  Lappa,  var.  majus^  Gray. 

CIRSIUM  (Cnicus  of  many  authors) 

C.  lanceolatum,  Scop.     Carduns  lanceolatus,  L. 
C.  muticum,  Michx.     Cardtius  muticus  (Michx.)  Pers. 
C.  arvense,  Scop.      Cardiius  arvensis  (L.)  Robs. 


134  Rhodora  [June 

TRAGOPOGON 
T.  PRATENsis,  L.     Herb.  E.  F.  Williams,  1898. 

HIERACIUM 

H.  AURANTiACUM,  L.     This  plant,  elsewhere  a  noxious  weed,  is  apparently 

not  spreading,  as  was  feared. 
H.  scabrum,  Michx. 

TARAXACUM 
T.  OFFICINALE,  Weber. 

SONCHUS 

S.  ASPER,  Vill. 

S.  ARVENSis,  L.     Mrs.  Brucke,  1899. 

LACTUCA 
L..  Canadensis,  L. 

L.  Canadensis,  L.,  var.  integrifolia.  Gray.     L.  sagittifolia^  Ell. 
L.  hirsuta,  Miihl. 
L.  leucophaea.  Gray.     L.  spicata  (Lam.)  Hitchc. 

PRENANTHES 

P.  trifoliolata,  Fernald,  var.  nana,  Ferftald.  Nabalus  nana  (Bigel.)  DC.  Col- 
lected by  Dr.  H.  H.  Rusby  in  1892  on  the  top  of  Willoughby  Mountain 
and  not  reported  since  that  date.     Herb.  H.  H.  Rusby. 

P.  altissima,  L.     Nabalus  altissimus  (L.)  Hook.     Very  common. 

Readville,  Massachusetts. 


[Supplementary  notes  reprinted  from  Rhodora,  Vol.  6,  p.  148.] 


Additional  Notes  from  Willoughby. —  Willoughby  has  its  sur- 
prises even  for  one  who  has  studied  its  Flora  carefully,  and  in  the 
last  ten  days  of  the  present  month  I  have  collected  some  new  plants 
and  found  stations  for  other  rare  ones  and  I  therefore  print  this  note. 

Equisetum  pratense,  Ehrh.  In  wet  pasture  land,  by  the  edge  of  woods,  very 
near  the  Hotel.  This  plant  as  noted  by  Eaton  (Rhodora,  vi.  92)  is  rare 
in  New  England,  having  been  found  only  in  the  Kennebec  valley,  Maine; 
and  its  occurrence  at  Willoughby  is  an  interesting  extention  of  range. 
Only  sterile  plants  were  found,  but  in  considerable  quantity  and  it  may 
have  been  overlooked  by  summer  botanists  in  the  luxuriant  growth  of 
ferns  and  grasses.  The  rough  ridges  of  the  stem  thickly  set  with  fine 
spicula  under  a  lens  are  so  different  from  other  New  England  Equiseta 
as  to  render  its  identification  comparatively  easy. 

Carex  defiexa,  Hornem.,  var.  Deanei,  Bailey.  On  the  beach  at  south  end  of 
the  lake. 

Rosa  ciNNAMOMKA,  L.  Grows  in  wild  abundance  in  pasture  by  an  old 
cellar  wall. 

Rosa  blanda,  Ait.,  which  is  very  smooth  without  prickles  when 
growing  on  the  slides,  shows  frequent  spines  and  prickles  when 
gathered  on  the  Lake  roadside. 

Carex  vaginata,  Tausch,  found  by  Pringle,  and  Smilacina  trifolia^ 
Desf.,  collected  by  Churchill,  and  both  plants  unsuccessfully  sought 
for  by  other  botanists,  were  found  growing  in  a  cedar  swamp,  quite 
near  the  original  stations  below  the  Four  Bridges.— George  G. 
Kennedy. 

May  31,  1904. 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATE 
STAMPED  BELOW 


AN  INITIAL  FINE  OF  25  CENTS 

WILL  BE  ASSESSED  FOR  FAILURE  TO  RETURN 
THIS  BOOK  ON  THE  DATE  DUE.  THE  PENALTY 
WILL  INCREASE  TO  SO  CENTS  ON  THE  FOURTH 
DAY  AND  TO  $1.00  ON  THE  SEVENTH  DAY 
OVERDUE. 


LIBRARY,  COLLEGE  OV  AGRICULTURE,  DAVIS 
UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 

5to-9,'39  (1359s) 


35900 

qK190 

Kennedy,  G, 

G. 

K4 

Flora  of  ^ 

/illoughby. 

Vermont . 

^ 

^^^ 

/fe.^>7e<3^      &,  Q 


^^£~  9  ^  ^ 

LIBBABY,  COLLEGE  OT  AGRIOULTTTBB,  DAVIS 
FNIVBRSITY  OF  OALIFOENIA 


TrcTT^ 


S!Sk 


